Enabling investment and innovation
Open ConsultationsEnergy Competition Task Force
Investigating actions to strengthen the performance of the electricity market in the short- to medium-term, for the benefit of all consumers.
Open consultations
Overview
The Electricity Authority and Commerce Commission have jointly established the Energy Competition Task Force to investigate ways to improve the performance of the electricity market.
The Task Force was established in response to the fuel shortage and period of sustained high wholesale prices in August 2024, in addition to the immediate steps we, and others, took to manage security of supply and bring prices down.
The Task Force’s work programme focuses on two overarching outcomes:
- enabling new generators and independent retailers to enter, and better compete in the market
- providing more options for consumers.
These outcomes will encourage more and faster investment in new electricity generation, boost competition, enable homes, businesses and industrials to better manage their own electricity use and costs, and put downward pressure on prices.
The Task Force is considering both new initiatives and some that are already underway but can be accelerated so New Zealanders can benefit from a better performing electricity system sooner.
Representatives from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment will participate on the Task Force as observers.
The Task Force’s recommendations will go to the Authority Board for final decisions. Any options that change market settings or regulations will follow the normal consultation processes.
The Task Force expects its work programme will flex as evidence emerges on the potential impacts of different options, including through engagement. The eight options described below may be modified or augmented with other measures as the work progresses to ensure the best outcomes for consumers.
Work programme
Package one
Enable new generators and independent retailers to enter, and better compete in the market
This will encourage more and faster investment in new generation, which puts more energy into the system, strengthens resilience against future shortages and puts downward pressure on prices.
1A. Consider requiring gentailers to offer firming for Power Purchase Agreements
This option supports the development of new intermittent generation, such as wind and solar. Access to firming (from flexible generation that can run at any time, such as hydro or gas peakers) enables developers to enter into power purchase agreements (PPAs) with large users and retailers that match their supply of electricity to their customers’ demand profile, and manage the risks of variable generation volume (eg, when the wind does not blow or the sun does not shine).
The Authority will consider requiring gentailers to offer a minimum volume of flexible electricity in the form of long-duration contracts that could be used to firm new generators’ PPAs. A deeper and more active market for PPAs will enable more generation investment.
1B. Introduce standardised flexibility products
The Authority has facilitated the development of standardised flexibility products through an industry co-design group. The Group recommended a super peak product which will provide buyers with protection against high prices in morning and evening peaks. See the product specification sheet for details.
Aotearoa Energy is facilitating voluntary trading in the products by running fortnightly trading events. The Authority is actively monitoring trading and is supporting the initiative by publishing a subset of anonymised data on our EMI platform.
Standardised flexibility products will help all wholesale electricity buyers and sellers to manage their price risk while increased transparency of trading volumes and pricing will reduce transaction costs and assist purchasers in managing price risk and support investment in flexibility services.
These are important for retailers, industrial consumers, and generators, and are expected to become more important as the proportion of intermittent generation, such as wind and solar, increases.
With support from participants the expectation is that more efficient competition will benefit consumers by putting downwards pressure on prices.
1C. Prepare for virtual disaggregation of the flexible generation base
This option would design rules to require gentailers to offer a minimum volume of their flexible generation base to buyers in the form of risk management contracts. This option will be considered as a backstop if previous measures aimed at increasing the supply of firming contracts in the market don’t produce the intended uplift in competition. This is consistent with the Market Development Advisory Group’s recommendation 13. Although this is a backstop measure, designing the rules now will advance the work so it can be implemented quickly if needed.
1D. Investigate level playing field measures such as non-discrimination rules as a regulatory backstop
The Task Force will investigate the pros and cons of various measures to ensure a level playing field between gentailers and independent retailers. It will help us understand what measures would be appropriate, the risks and possible triggers, and inform the development of a stronger regulatory response if other measures in this Task Force work package aren’t creating the change needed. Possible measures that will be investigated include non-discrimination rules, which would require generators to treat the retail arm of their operations the same as they treat other retailers.
We have reviewed risk management options for electricity retailers and considered whether the current approach to pricing risk management contracts, and other risk management options, is effectively creating a barrier to entry or expansion in the retail electricity market for retailers, and therefore harming competition. Read our risk management review findings
We are currently consulting on our approach to level playing field measures and welcome your feedback by 23 April 2025. View consultation
Thanks to early input from stakeholders who have provided the following feedback to help ensure our level playing field measures work is comprehensive.
Package two
Provide more options for consumers. Initiatives 2A, 2B and 2C, as described below, have been updated to reflect proposals in the February 2025 consultation papers. Package Two initiatives being considered are:
2A. Requiring distributors to pay a rebate when consumers supply electricity at peak times
We propose requiring distributors to pay a rebate when consumers supply energy to the system when certain parts of their network are congested. Under this proposal, any rebate would be taken off distributors’ charges to retailers. Our proposals under Initiative 2C would complete the process by ensuring the rebates are shared with consumers through retailers’ buy-back pricing plans. We expect this would lead to lower costs for all consumers over the long term as less flexible generation and network investment would be required.
This initiative aims to avoid the need for distributors to build more infrastructure to cope with higher demand peaks, meaning lower overall costs, and lower prices for consumers in the long run. This initiative would also further incentivise investment in home solar and battery systems.
2B. Requiring more retailers to offer time-of-use pricing
Time-of-use plans encourage consumers to shift their electricity use away from peak periods. We propose requiring all retailers above a certain size to offer these plans. When households and businesses intentionally shift their energy use to reduce demand at peak times, those consumers benefit through off-peak pricing and the electricity system benefits through reduced peak demand. This behaviour change also benefits all New Zealanders over time, as reduced demand on the system lowers the prices we all pay through our power bills.
2C. Requiring large retailers to better reward consumers for supplying power
We propose requiring all retailers above a certain size to offer variable buy-back rates to reflect the higher value of electricity supplied by consumers at peak times. This will fairly reward those consumers who have rooftop solar and batteries and will incentivise other consumers to make that investment.
Electricity retailers already pay consumers for energy they supply into the electricity network, for example from rooftop solar systems. However, most retailers' buy-back rates do not reflect the changing value of electricity throughout the day. Only a small number of retailers currently offer variable buy-back rates.
2D. Reward industrial consumers for providing short-term demand flexibility
One of the ways to help manage our electricity supply is to lower demand at peak times. Industrial plants that use a lot of electricity can make a meaningful contribution to this by using less electricity when it’s scarce and expensive.
The Task Force is considering measures that would enable industrials to be appropriately rewarded for the benefit their flexible electricity use brings to the system, freeing up more supply and reducing the need for more expensive electricity generation to manage peaks. This could also provide industrials with an additional revenue stream.
Timeline
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18 February 2025
Event — -
12 February 2025
Press release — -
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12 February 2025
Consultation —Package Two initiatives 2A, 2B and 2C
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17 January - 28 February 2025
Consultation —Entrant generators – context, headwinds and options for power purchase agreementsView consultation -
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12 December 2024
News — -
9 December 2024
Package One D —Early stakeholder input published on level playing field work - see 1D above
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FAQs
Question?
Read our frequently asked questions or get in touch!
Project background
New Zealand experienced a fuel shortage in August 2024 due to unexpected lower gas reserves, low hydro storage and rainfall, and low wind. The shortage led to very high wholesale prices, which affected those industrial business whose electricity costs were tied to the wholesale spot price.
Regulators, the Government and industry took action to manage security of supply and help bring wholesale prices down. Households were generally not affected by the price spike as they pay retail prices set by their electricity retailer.
The interventions and increased hydro storage caused wholesale prices to drop significantly by the end of the month. Although the event was rare, it highlighted the need to improve the electricity market’s performance and better bolster security of supply.
The Authority is now working with the Commerce Commission to investigate ways to adjust regulatory settings to strengthen the electricity market.
The Energy Competition Task Force, co-led by the Authority’s Chair Anna Kominik and the Commission’s Chair Dr John Small, brings together a number of sector and regulatory experts from both regulators. Representatives from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment attend as observers.
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